Spatial Variation and Community Structure of Trichoptera Larvae as a Basis for Biomonitoring in the Bone River, Gorontalo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33477/bs.v15i2.13838Abstract
This study aimed to examine the community structure of Trichoptera larvae in the Bone River, Gorontalo (Indonesia), by evaluating family-level composition, dominance patterns, and spatial variation across five sampling stations (St.1-St.5). Trichoptera larvae were collected using standardized sampling methods, identified to the family level, and analyzed using multiple diversity metrics, including the Shannon, Simpson, Evenness, and Margalef indices. Differences in taxon richness among stations were assessed using rarefaction analysis, while community structure patterns were further explored using multivariate approaches based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity, non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and hierarchical cluster analysis. A total of 754 individuals representing eight families were identified. Hydropsychidae strongly dominated the community, accounting for more than 70% of the total individuals. Diversity indices revealed spatial variation in community balance, with Station 5 exhibiting the highest diversity and evenness values, indicating a relatively more balanced community structure. Rarefaction analysis suggested that differences in richness were not solely driven by sampling effort. Multivariate analyses based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, hierarchical clustering, and NMDS demonstrated spatial differentiation in community composition along the river gradient, largely associated with variations in family dominance. Water quality parameters (temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen) were within national quality standards, indicating conditions generally supportive of aquatic life. The observed variation in community structure therefore likely reflects local habitat dynamics rather than broad physicochemical stress. This study provides baseline data on Trichoptera communities in the Bone River and highlights the ecological importance of Hydropsychidae in shaping community structure, supporting the potential application of Trichoptera as biomonitoring indicators in riverine ecosystems.
Keywords: Trichoptera, River, Community Structure, Spatial Variation, Biomonitoring
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
