Crops, Shifted Center and Its Ecological Effect in Central Maluku
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33477/dj.v14i1.2179Abstract
This article describes the history of Ambon city and island which became the center of political power and trade and its correlation with landscape and geographical conditions as well as population mobility in the 17th century. In addition, the spice plants succeeded in creating inter-island relations and attracting workers from outside Maluku to stay and settle down. At the end of this paper, the change in the political and economic center has created various changes in the ecology and landscape of the city and Ambon Island until the 20th century. This paper is resulted from archival research conducted from 2015-2017 from various libraries in Ambon City, especially the Rumphius Library and the Maluku Cultural Values Preservation Center.
Keywords: History of the City, Ambon Island, Center of Political Power and Trade
References
Andaya, Leonard Y. (1991). “Local Trade Networks in Maluku in the 16th , 17th and 18th Centuries” Cakalele, Maluku Research Journal, Vol 2. No. 2, 71-96
-------------------------(1993) (a). “Centers and Peripheries in Maluku”. Cakalele, Maluku Research Journal. Vol. 4, 1-21
------------------------(1993) (b). The World of Maluku. Eastern Indonesia in the Early Modern Period. University of Hawaii Press.
Bartels, Dieter, (1977) “Guarding the Invisible Mountain: Intervillage Alliances, Religious Syncretism and Ethnic Identity among Ambonese Christians and Moslems” .Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Benda Beckman, Franz von Benda and Benda Beckmann, Keebet von. (1994: 598-608). “Property, Politics, and Conflict: Ambon and Minangkabau Compared” Law and Society Review, vol. 28, No. 3, Law and Society in Southeast Asia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------. (2007). Social Security Between Past and Future. Ambonese Networks of Care and Support. LIT Verlag Munster.
Diamond, Jared. (2017). Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. Norton, W.W& Company, Inc.
Ellen, Roy, and Glover, I.C. (1974). “Pottery Manufacture and Trade in the Central Moluccas, Indonesia: The Modern Situation and the Historical Implications”. Man, New Series, Vol 9
Ellen, Roy, (1979). “Sago subsistence and the trade in spices: A provisional model of ecological succession and imbalance in Moluccan prehistory”. In Social and ecological systems, ed. By P. Burnham and R. Ellen. London Academic Press, 43-74.
-------------- (1985: 559-587. )“Patterns of Indigenous timber extraction from Moluccan rain forest fringes. Journal of Biogeography.
-------------- ” (1997) The Human Consequences of Deforestation in the Moluccas” in 'Les peuples des forêts tropicales. Systèmes traditionnels et développement rural en Afrique équatoriale, grande Amazonie et Asie du sud-est.', eds. D. V. Joiris and D. de Laveleye, Special issue of Civilisations, 44 (1-2), pp. 176-193, Bruxelles .
-----------------(2003). On the edge of the Banda zone. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Ellen, Roy, and Latinis D Katyle (2012) “Ceramics Sago Ovens and the History of Regional Trading patterns in Eastern Indonesia and the Papuan Coast”. Indonesia and the Malay World. Vol. 40, no. 116, March 2012. Pp. 20-38
Hospes, Otto. (1994) English, Book, Illustrated edition: “Financial landscapes reconstructed : the fine art of mapping development” / edited by F.J.A. Bouman and Otto Hospes.
Knaap, Gerrit J, April (1991). “A City of Migrants: Kota Ambon at the End of the Seventeenth Century”. Indonesia, Volume 51, 105-128
------------------- (1995)“The Demography of Ambon in the Seventeenth Century: Evidence from Colonial Proto-Censuses”. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. Vol.20. No.2 (September 1995).
------------------ (2003) “Headhunting, Carnage and Armed Peace in Amboina, 1500-1700”. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. Vol 46. No. 2, 165-192
Miller, Alyssa. (!999) “Resource Management in the Urban Sphere: Ambon’s Urban Environment”. Cakalele, Vol. 10.
Scott, James C. (2011). The art of not being governed: an anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press.
Stark, Ken and Latinis, Kyle. (1996). “The Response of early Ambonese foragers to the Maluku spice trade: The archaeological evidence” Cakalele, vol 7: 51-67.
