Beragama Di Ruang Digital: Pergeseran Orientasi Dari Pemahaman Agama Ke Spirit Beragama
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33477/da.v15i2.4028Abstract
Digitalisasi agama telah mengakibatkan pergeseran beragama di tengah masyarakat. Hal itu tidak dapat terhindarkan akibat literasi agama dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh masyarakat secara terbuka. Tulisan ini hendak menjelaskan pergeseran dari orientasi pemahaman agama ke spirit beragama masyarakat. Tulisan ini didasakan pada hasil pengamatan dengan pendekatan netnografi di media online dengan metode penelitian deskriptif qualitatif. Tulisan ini memperlihatkan bahwa pergeseran beragama masyarakat terjadi akibat tiga hal yaitu; literasi agama dapat dengan mudah diakses secara online, keinginan kuat masyarakt mempelejarai agama, dan merebaknya platform-platform yang berbasis agama. Dengan kondisi tersebut, pemahaman agama yang sejatinya menjadi orientasi utama dalam ajaran agama bergeser dalam wujud semangat beragama masyarakat. Studi ini menyarankan perlunya perhatian seksama agar semangat beragama dapat seiring sejalan dengan pemahaman agama yang esensial.References
Abdullah, I., Jubba, H., Pabbajah, M., Sari, I. P., Zuhri, S., & Ernas, S. (2019). From Selfism to Indifferentism: Challenges facing Indonesian Society and Culture, 2015-2045. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 8(3), 102–112. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2019-0009
Abraham, I. B., & Stewart, F. (2019). Desacralizing Salvation in Straight Edge Christianity and Holistic Spirituality. International Journal for the Study of New Religions. https://doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.v5i1.77
Ahmad M. Ramli. (2020). Dirjen PPI: Survei Penetrasi Pengguna Internet di Indonesia. Kominfo.Go.Id.
Amin, N. (2017). Menyemai Nasionalisme dari Spirit Agama: Upaya Meredam Radikalisme Beragama. Jurnal THEOLOGIA. https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2012.23.1.1762
APJII. 2016. Infografis Penetrasi dan Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indonesia Survey (2017). Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.
APJII. 2017. Infografis Penetrasi dan Perilaku Pengguna Internet Indonesia Survey (2017). Asosiasi Penyelenggara Jasa Internet Indonesia.
Asif, M., Ishtiaq, A., Ahmad, H., Aljuaid, H., & Shah, J. (2020). Sentiment analysis of extremism in social media from textual information. Telematics and Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101345
Beznjuk, D., & Tsybulskaya, N. (2019). Religious Practices Online: Belarus Experience. Logos et Praxis. https://doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.2.4
Bowler, G. M. (2010). Netnography: A method specifically designed to study cultures and communities online. Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2010.1341
Brandt, P. Y. (2019). Religious and Spiritual Aspects in the Construction of Identity Modelized as a Constellation. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-018-9436-8
Bunt, G. R. (2009). Religion and the Internet. In The Oxford Handbook of the Sociology of Religion. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199588961.013.0040
Captari, L. E., Riggs, S. A., & Stephen, K. (2021). Attachment processes following traumatic loss: A mediation model examining identity distress, shattered assumptions, prolonged grief, and posttraumatic growth. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 13(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000555
Chernichkin, D. (2021). Transformation of Religious Communication Under the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Logos et Praxis. https://doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2021.2.7
Davidson, B. I., & Joinson, A. N. (2021). Shape Shifting Across Social Media. Social Media and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121990632
Dushakova, N. (2020). How Religion Becomes Visible: Old Believers’ Communities in Social Media. State Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide, 38(2), 184–206. https://doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2020-38-2-184-206
Fedorova, M. (2020). Religious identity in the modern digital world. Социодинамика. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2020.6.33085
Gao, Q., Woods, O., Kong, L., & Shee, S. Y. (2022). Lived religion in a digital age: technology, affect and the pervasive space-times of ‘new’ religious praxis. Social & Cultural Geography, 00(00), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2022.2121979
Helland, C. (2005). Online Religion as Lived Religion. Methodological Issues in the Study of Religious Participation on the Internet. Online - Heidelberg Journal of Religions on the Internet. https://doi.org/10.11588/rel.2005.1.380
Ilhami, H. (2022). Agama Dan Komunitas Virtual : Studi Pergeseran Orientasi Keagamaan Di Era Digital. Mukaddimah: Jurnal Studi Islam, 7(1).
Irama, Y., & Zamzami, M. (2021). Telaah Atas Formula Pengarusutamaan Moderasi Beragama Kementerian Agama Tahun 2019-2020. KACA (Karunia Cahaya Allah): Jurnal Dialogis Ilmu Ushuluddin, 11(1), 65–89. https://doi.org/10.36781/kaca.v11i1.3244
Isetti, G., Innerhofer, E., Pechlaner, H., & De Rachewiltz, M. (2020). Religion in the age of digitalization: From new media to spiritual machines. In Religion in the Age of Digitalization: From New Media to Spiritual Machines. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367809225
Ishomuddin, I. (2017). The Change oReligious Understanding from Ideal-Rationality to Pragmatic-Materialistic. EL HARAKAH (TERAKREDITASI). https://doi.org/10.18860/el.v19i2.4186
Ivanov, A. V. (2018). Digital Religion. Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy. https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2018-18-4-377-381
Jamil, S. (2021). From digital divide to digital inclusion: Challenges for wide-ranging digitalization in Pakistan. Telecommunications Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2021.102206
Jubba, H., Baharuddin, T., Pabbajah, M., & Qodir, Z. (2020). Dominasi Internet di Ruang Publik: Studi Terhadap Penyebaran Wacana Gerakan Bela Islam 212 di Indonesia. Al-Izzah: Jurnal Hasil-Hasil Penelitian, 1. https://doi.org/10.31332/ai.v0i0.1631
Kafid, N. (2016). Dari Islamisme ke “Premanisme”: Pergeseran Orientasi Gerakan Kelompok Islam Radikal di Era Desentralisasi Demokrasi. MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/mjs.v21i1.4737
Katadata. (2020). Jumlah Pengguna Internet di Indonesia Capai 196,7 Juta. Katadata.Co.Id.
Leurs, K., Midden, E., & Ponzanesi, S. (2012). Digital Multiculturalism in the Netherlands: Religious, Ethnic and Gender Positioning by Moroccan-Dutch Youth. Religion and Gender, 2(1), 150–175. https://doi.org/10.1163/18785417-00201008
Lipina, T. A., & Shapoval, Y. V. (2021). Religious education in Kazakhstan: Тhe challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies, 37(2), 352–368. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2021.213
Lubis, K., Harahap, M. R., Harahap, M. Z. F., Studi, P., Agama, P., Islam, F. A., & Medan, U. A. (2022). Lingkungan Minoritas Islam di Desa Labuhan Kecamatan. Jurnal Somasi, 3(1), 62–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53695/js.v3i1.669
Mahoney, A., & Shafranske, E. P. (2012). Envisioning an integrative paradigm for the psychology of religion and spirituality. In APA handbook of psychology, religion, and spirituality (Vol 1): Context, theory, and research. https://doi.org/10.1037/14045-001
Martini, M. (2022). The Catholic Church and the Media: A Text Mining Analysis of Vatican Documents from 1967 to 2020. Journal of Media and Religion, 21(3), 155–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2022.2095808
Marzali, A. (2014). Pergeseran Orientasi Nilai Kultural dan Keagamaan di Indonesia (Sebuah Esai dalam Rangka Mengenang Almarhum Prof. Koentjaraningrat). Antropologi Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.7454/ai.v30i3.3566
Muhtador, M. (2019). Dinamika Memahami Hadis Nabi: Tinjauan Historis dan Metodologis. Riwayah : Jurnal Studi Hadis, 3(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.21043/riwayah.v3i2.3704
Pabbajah, M, Jubba, H., Widyanti, R., Pabbajah, T., & Iribaram, S. (2020). Internet of Religion: Islam and New Media Construction of Religious Movements in Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-10-2019.2291750
Pabbajah, Mustaqim, Abdullah, I., Juhansar, & Jubba, H. (2019). Contested Socioreligious Reality: An-Nadzir, a Non-mainstream Islamic Movement in Indonesia. The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society, 9(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v09i02/71-78
Pabbajah, Mustaqim, Jubba, H., Abdullah, I., Pabbajah, M. T. H., & Juhansar. (2021). From the scriptural to the virtual: Indonesian engineering students responses to the digitalization of Islamic education. Teaching Theology and Religion. https://doi.org/10.1111/teth.12581
Panzini, R. G., Mosqueiro, B. P., Zimpel, R. R., Bandeira, D. R., Rocha, N. S., & Fleck, M. P. (2017). Quality-of-life and spirituality. International Review of Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2017.1285553
Pennycook, G., Epstein, Z., Mosleh, M., Arechar, A. A., Eckles, D., & Rand, D. G. (2021). Shifting attention to accuracy can reduce misinformation online. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03344-2
Prasetya, H. (2018). Pergeseran Orientasi Nilai Tradisional Menuju Tatanan Modernitas Pada Masyarakat Pinggiran Ibukota. WACANA, Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi. https://doi.org/10.32509/wacana.v17i1.509
Rosyid, A. (2020). Pergeseran Paradigma Agama dan Sains Di Tengah Pandemik Covid Dalam Kaca Mata Thomas Kuhn. ASKETIK, 4(2), 234–254. https://doi.org/10.30762/ask.v4i2.2415
Rozanova, N. M. (2020). Competitive education in the third millenium: Quo vadis? World Economy and International Relations. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-11-23-30
Rumbay, C. A. (2020). Christology in Digital Era: A Socio-systematic Theology Contribution to the Sustainable Smart Society. PASCA: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 16(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.46494/psc.v16i1.70
Santalia, I., & Galib, S. A. (2019). Prodi Studi Agama-Agama Sebagai Pelopor Inklusifitas Beragama: Refleksi Pengalaman Prodi Studi Agama-Agama UIN Alauddin Makassar. RELIGI JURNAL STUDI AGAMA-AGAMA, 15(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.14421/rejusta.2019.1501-01
Saputra, E. (2020). Teras Dakwah, Agama dan Pasar: Lanskap dan Pergeseran Gerakan Dakwah di Indonesia. Idarotuna. https://doi.org/10.24014/idarotuna.v3i1.11299
Selvam, S. G. (2013). Towards religious-spirituality: A multidimensional matrix of religion and spirituality. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 12(36), 129–152.
Setiansah, M. (2015). Smartphonisasi Agama: Transformasi Perilaku Beragama Perempuan Urban Di Era Digital. Jurnal Komunikasi. https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol10.iss1.art1
Shebalina, E. O., & Shebalin, D. D. (2021). Digitalization in activities of non-state actors: Example of the church. In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53277-2_48
Shityakova, N. P., Verkhovykh, I. V., & Zabrodina, I. V. (2020). The attitude of teachers to the opportunities and risks of spiritual and moral education in the context of digitalization. Perspektivy Nauki i Obrazovania. https://doi.org/10.32744/PSE.2020.6.34
Tambunan, E., & Simon, S. (2022). VIRTUALISASI TUHAN: Menyelak Ownership Tokoh Agama. CHARISTHEO: Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen, 1(2), 168–192. https://doi.org/10.54592/jct.v1i2.29
Ulya, I., & Abid, N. (2015). Pemikiran Thomas Kuhn dan Relevansinya Terhadap Keilmuan Islam. Fikrah: Jurnal Ilmu Aqidah Dan Studi Keagamaan.
Van Niekerk, B. (2018). Religion and spirituality: What are the fundamental differences? HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v74i3.4933
Viktoruk, E., Mineev, V., & Artemyeva, S. (2020). Digitization of Education: a Socio-Pedagogical Experiment from the Perspective of Social Philosophy. Scientific Research and Development. Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology. https://doi.org/10.12737/2587-912x-2020-15-19
Watts, G. (2022). The religion of the heart: “Spirituality” in late modernity. American Journal of Cultural Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41290-020-00106-x
Wulandari, N. (2014). Pengaruh Konformitas dan Pemahaman Agama Terhadap Perilaku Seksual Pada Siswa MAN 2 Samarinda. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 2(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v2i1.3566
Wuthnow, R. (2010). 26. New Directions in the Study of Religion and Economic Life. In The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Second Edition (pp. 603–626). Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400835584.603
Yang, G. (2021). The Paradigm Shift of Political Science from Being “Change-oriented” to “Governance-oriented:” A Perspective on History of Political Science. Chinese Political Science Review. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41111-021-00188-z
Yolanda, C., & Fatmariza, F. (2019). Pergeseran Nilai-nilai Moral Masyarakat dan Implikasinya Terhadap Moralitas Remaja di Kecamatan IV Nagari Bayang Utara Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Journal of Civic Education. https://doi.org/10.24036/jce.v2i3.152