Miftahul Khairat, L. and Syamsurizal, S. (2026) “Literature Study: The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Model on Students’ High-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Biology Learning”, Al-Alam: Islamic Natural Science Education Journal, 5(2), pp. 655–668. doi: 10.33477/al-alam.v5i2.15886.