Article Retraction & Withdrawal

The papers published in Al-Alam: Islamic Natural Science Education Journal will be considered to retract in the publication if:

1. they have clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of misconduct (e.g., data fabrication) or honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error).
2. the findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper crossreferencing, permission, or justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication).
3. it constitutes plagiarism.
4. it reports unethical research.

The retraction mechanism follows the Retraction Guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), which can be accessed https://publicationethics.org/files/cope-retraction-guidelines-v2.pdf.