POLIGAMI DAN APLIKASI HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 12/PUU-V/2007 TENTANG POLIGAMI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33477/jsi.v15i1.13876Abstract
Polygamy is an important issue in Islamic family law that continues to be debated, particularly in relation to the principles of justice, the protection of women's rights, and its relationship with positive law. This article aims to analyze Islamic legal interpretations of polygamy and their application in the Indonesian legal system following Constitutional Court Decision No. 12/PUU-V/2007. This study uses a normative legal research method with a juridical and theological-normative approach, through a review of the Qur'an, hadith, opinions of scholars, and laws and regulations related to marriage. The results of the study show that polygamy in Islam is permitted based on QS. An-Nisa verse 3, but this permissibility is of a restricted nature (ibāḥah muqayyadah) with the main condition being fairness. In the Indonesian context, the practice of polygamy is strictly limited by Law No. 1 of 1974, Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975, and the Compilation of Islamic Law, which require court permission, the consent of the wife, and economic capacity. Constitutional Court Decision Number 12/PUU-V/2007 confirms these restrictions as a form of state ijtihad to ensure substantive justice and the protection of women's rights. Thus, the application of Islamic law regarding polygamy in Indonesia reflects the synergy between sharia values, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, and human rights principles.
Keywords: Polygamy, Islamic Law, Constitutional Court Decision
Poligami merupakan isu penting dalam hukum keluarga Islam yang terus diperdebatkan, khususnya terkait prinsip keadilan, perlindungan hak perempuan, dan relasinya dengan hukum positif. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis tafsir hukum Islam terhadap poligami serta aplikasinya dalam sistem hukum Indonesia pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 12/PUU-V/2007. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis dan teologis-normatif, melalui kajian terhadap Al-Qur’an, hadis, pendapat para ulama, serta peraturan perundang-undangan terkait perkawinan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa poligami dalam Islam diperbolehkan berdasarkan QS. An-Nisa ayat 3, namun kebolehan tersebut bersifat ibāḥah muqayyadah dengan syarat utama keadilan. Dalam konteks Indonesia, praktik poligami dibatasi secara ketat melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 9 Tahun 1975, dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam, yang mensyaratkan izin pengadilan, persetujuan istri, serta kemampuan ekonomi. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 12/PUU-V/2007 menegaskan pembatasan tersebut sebagai bentuk ijtihad negara untuk menjamin keadilan substantif dan perlindungan hak perempuan. Dengan demikian, penerapan hukum Islam terkait poligami di Indonesia mencerminkan sinergi antara nilai syariat, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, dan prinsip hak asasi manusia.
Kata kunci: Poligami, Hukum Islam, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi
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