PROBLEMA HUKUM IMPLEMENTASI BATAS USIA PERKAWINAN DI INDONESIA PERSPEKTIF SOSIOLOGI DAN MAQASHID SYARI’AH

Abstract

Abstract: The establishment of a marriage age limit in Indonesia through Law No. 16 of 2019 is a strategic step expected to reduce the number of child marriages and improve family welfare. However, in its implementation, this goal has not been fully achieved. The practice of early marriage and various post-early marriage problems are still frequently encountered. This study aims to analyze the problems of implementing the marriage age limit from the perspective of legal sociology and Maqashid Syari'ah. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach, referring to the theory of Maqashid Syari'ah and an analysis of the benefits of regulation from a legal sociology perspective. Data were obtained through literature studies and in-depth interviews. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the marriage age limit in Indonesia faces challenges when examined from the perspective of Legal Sociology, such as the influence of social factors (culture, poverty, low education, and an incomprehensive understanding of religion), the effectiveness of law enforcement, premarital pregnancies, legal dualism, loose marriage dispensations and a textual understanding of Islamic law. On the other hand, setting a minimum age of 19 aligns with the Maqasid Sharia (the protection of religion, life, intellect, descendants, and property). This study recommends strengthening legal outreach, controlling the granting of dispensations, and cross-sector collaboration in developing new social norms that better support this policy.

Keywords:. Age limit for marriage, sociology of law, Maqashid Syari'ah.

Abstrak: Penetapan batas usia nikah melalui perundangan merupakan langkah strategis mencegah perkawinan dini dan membangun kesejahteraan keluarga. Namun dalam implementasinya, persoalan banyak terjadi mengiringi tinggimya angka pernikahan dini dan masalah sosial lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis problematika penerapan batas usia perkawinan dari perspektif sosiologi hukum dan Maqashid Syari'ah. Metode yang digunakan ialah kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif berlandaskan teori Maqashid Syari'ah serta analisis regulasi perspektif sosiologi hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi batas usia perkawinan di Indonesia menghadapi tantangn bila dikaji dari perspektif Sosiologi Hukum, seperti pengaruh faktor sosial (budaya, kemiskinan, pendidikan rendah, serta pemahaman agama), efektivitas penegakan hukum, kehamilan di luar nikah, dualisme hukum, dispensasi perkawinan yang longgar dan pemahaman hukum Islam yang cenderung tekstual.  Di sisi lain, penetapan batas usia minimal 19 tahun selaras dengan Maqashid Syari’ah, yaitu perlindungan agama, jiwa, akal, keturunan dan harta sehingga study ini mengisyaratkan penguataan sosialisasi hukum serta kolaborasi lintas sektor guna membangun norma sosial yang mendukung kebijakan.

Kata Kunci: Batas usia perkawinan, sosiologi hukum, Maqashid Syari'ah