Authorship Criteria

Lingue: Jurnal Bahasa, Budaya, dan Sastra follows the authorship recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) and the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authorship confers both credit and accountability: every person listed as an author must be able to take public responsibility for the work.

1. Criteria for Authorship

To be listed as an author, each individual must meet all four of the following criteria:

  1. Substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data (including linguistic, literary, textual, cultural, or classroom data); and
  2. Drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and
  3. Approving the final version to be published; and
  4. Agreeing to be accountable for all aspects of the work, ensuring that questions about its accuracy or integrity are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Anyone who meets the first criterion must be given the opportunity to take part in drafting, revising, and approving the manuscript so that they can meet the remaining criteria. These criteria must not be used to exclude legitimate contributors from authorship.

2. Articles Derived from Theses and Dissertations

Supervisors may be listed as authors only if they meet all four criteria above, for example by contributing substantially to the research design, the analysis, and the critical revision of the manuscript. Supervision, administrative approval, or institutional position alone does not qualify a person for authorship. In such cases, the supervisor’s role should be recognised in the Acknowledgments.

3. Author Contribution Statement

Every manuscript must include an Author Contributions statement using the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) categories, for example: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Supervision, and Funding Acquisition. Single-authored manuscripts are exempt.

4. Non-Author Contributors

Contributors who do not meet all four criteria should not be listed as authors. This includes individuals who only provided funding, general supervision, administrative support, technical assistance, data entry, translation, or proofreading. They may be named in the Acknowledgments section with their written permission.

5. Corresponding Author

The corresponding author is responsible for:

  • managing communication between the journal and all co-authors before and after publication;
  • ensuring that all co-authors have approved the author list and order, the final manuscript, and its submission;
  • ensuring that declarations on author contributions, conflicts of interest, funding, ethical approval, AI use, and licensing are complete and accurate;
  • providing an ORCID iD, which is also strongly recommended for all co-authors.

6. Order of Authors and Equal Contribution

The order of authors is a joint decision of all authors and should be agreed upon before submission. Authors who contributed equally may be marked accordingly in the manuscript.

7. Changes in Authorship

Requests to add, remove, or reorder authors after submission must be sent by the corresponding author to the Editor-in-Chief, with a written explanation and the signed consent of all authors, including any person being added or removed. After acceptance, changes are permitted only in exceptional circumstances and require the approval of the Editor-in-Chief. No changes are permitted after publication, except through a formal correction. Disputes are handled in accordance with the COPE flowcharts. The journal does not adjudicate authorship disputes and may refer them to the authors’ institutions.

8. Authorship Misconduct

The following practices are not acceptable:

  • Ghost authorship: omitting a person who meets the authorship criteria, including the use of paid writing services.
  • Gift or guest authorship: listing a person who does not meet the criteria because of seniority, position, or personal relationship.
  • Purchased authorship: buying or selling authorship positions.

If authorship misconduct is identified, the manuscript will be rejected or, if already published, corrected or retracted in accordance with the journal’s Article Retraction & Withdrawal policy. The authors’ institutions may be notified.

9. Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence tools, including large language models and other generative AI tools, do not meet the authorship criteria and must not be listed as authors. Their use in preparing the manuscript, analysing data, or creating images must be disclosed in accordance with the journal’s Generative AI Policy. Authors remain fully responsible for the content of the manuscript.